MxMIndia

Author: mxm_india

  • आज भाग्य का संबंध बातचीत से है। एक सामान्य बातचीत एक आश्चर्यजनक अवसर का मार्ग प्रशस्त कर सकती है। दोस्तों या सहकर्मियों के माध्यम से मिलने वाले अवसरों के प्रति सतर्क रहें। ईमानदारी से बात करना और जिज्ञासा दिखाना सही तरह का समर्थन और परिणाम आकर्षित करता है।

    कुंभ राशि का आज का राशिफल

    कुंभ १८-०९-२०२५ व्यक्तिगत जीवन: कुंभ राशि, आज बातचीत रोमांचक महसूस होगी। बुध और यूरेनस के त्रिकोण योग के साथ, आपको अपने रिश्तों में नई ऊर्जा की चिंगारियाँ महसूस होंगी। जोड़े एक साथ नए विचारों को खोजना पसंद करेंगे, जबकि अकेले लोग ऐसे लोगों की ओर आकर्षित होंगे जो उन्हें सुखद रूप से आश्चर्यचकित करते हैं। ईमानदार बातचीत गलतफहमियों को जल्दी दूर करती है, और चंचल ठिठोली रिश्तों को मजबूत करती है। अपरंपरागत विचारों को साझा करने से न डरें, क्योंकि वे आपको उन लोगों के करीब लाते हैं जो आपकी मौलिकता को महत्व देते हैं। एक साधारण बातचीत व्यक्तिगत जीवन को सकारात्मक रूप से बदल सकती है।

    व्यवसाय: काम पर, अप्रत्याशित अंतर्दृष्टि आपको सामान्य से अधिक तेजी से समस्याओं को हल करने में मदद करेगी। सहकर्मी आपकी लीक से हटकर सोचने की क्षमता की सराहना करेंगे, जिससे समूह चर्चाओं में आपका योगदान मूल्यवान बनेगा। नए विचार आसानी से प्रवाहित होंगे, इसलिए उन्हें फिसलने से पहले उन पर नज़र रखें। प्रगति तब आती है जब आप नवाचार को व्यावहारिक कार्यान्वयन के साथ जोड़ते हैं। कार्यों के प्रति अपने दृष्टिकोण में लचीले रहें, क्योंकि अनुकूलनशीलता सफलता लाती है। चल रहे प्रोजेक्ट्स को बेहतर बनाने वाले साहसिक विचारों को प्रस्तुत करने का यह अच्छा समय है।

    स्वास्थ्य: जब आप अपनी स्वास्थ्य दिनचर्या में विविधता जोड़ते हैं तो ऊर्जा उज्ज्वल महसूस होती है। कुछ नया आज़माना, जैसे कोई अलग कसरत या हल्का भोजन, आपको तरोताज़ा रखता है। मानसिक उत्तेजना भी शारीरिक भलाई को बढ़ावा देती है, इसलिए दोनों को संतुलित करें। दिनचर्या को ज्यादा जटिल बनाने से बचें; छोटे बदलाव सबसे बड़ा प्रभाव डालते हैं। हाइड्रेटेड रहें और पूरे दिन रिचार्ज करने के लिए ब्रेक लें। एक छोटी बाहरी सैर आपके मूड को बेहतर बना सकती है और रक्त परिसंचरण को सहारा दे सकती है। कुल मिलाकर, नए तरीकों के साथ प्रयोग करना आपके शरीर और मन को मजबूत रखता है।

    भावनाएँ: अप्रत्याशित स्पष्टता के साथ आपकी भावनात्मक स्थिति हल्की महसूस होगी। बातचीत राहत प्रदान करती है, जिससे आपको तनाव से मुक्ति मिलती है। परिवर्तन के लिए खुले रहें, क्योंकि नए दृष्टिकोण संतुलन का समर्थन करते हैं। किसी विश्वसनीय व्यक्ति के साथ भावनाएं साझा करना आंतरिक शक्ति और शांति बढ़ाता है।

    यात्रा: अचानक बनी यात्रा योजनाएँ फायदेमंद साबित हो सकती हैं। छोटी यात्राएँ सुगम महसूस होंगी और आपको प्रेरक लोगों के संपर्क में लाएंगी। लचीलापन अनुभव को आसान बनाता है, इसलिए कठोर समय-सारिणी से चिपके रहने से बचें। आवश्यक चीजें तैयार रखें, और स्वतंत्रता की भावना का आनंद लें।

    भाग्य: आज भाग्य संचार से जुड़ा है। एक आकस्मिक आदान-प्रदान एक आश्चर्यजनक अवसर का मार्ग प्रशस्त कर सकता है। दोस्तों या सहकर्मियों के माध्यम से मिलने वाले अवसरों के लिए सतर्क रहें। ईमानदारी से बात करना और जिज्ञासा दिखाना सही प्रकार का समर्थन और परिणाम आकर्षित करता है।

  • ਮੀਨ ਰਾਸ਼ੀ ਲਈ ਅੱਜ ਦੀਆਂ ਜੋਤਿਸ਼ ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀਆਂ

    ਮੀਨ (Pisces) 18-9-2025

    ਨਿੱਜੀ ਜੀਵਨ: ਅੱਜ ਰਿਸ਼ਤਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਹਿਰਾਈ ਆਵੇਗੀ, ਮੀਨ। ਤੁਲਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੁਧ, ਪਲੂਟੋ ਨਾਲ ਤ੍ਰਿਭੁਜ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਹੋਏ, ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ‘ਤੇ ਚਰਚਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਆਸਾਨ ਲੱਗੇਗਾ ਜੋ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਛੁਪੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਜੋੜੇ ਇਮਾਨਦਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ‘ਤੇ ਇੱਕ-ਦੂਜੇ ਦੇ ਨੇੜੇ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਇਕੱਲੇ ਲੋਕ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹਲਕਾ ਰੱਖਣ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਆਪਣੇ ਅਸਲ ਜਜ਼ਬਾਤ ਦਿਖਾ ਕੇ ਦਿਲਚਸਪੀ ਖਿੱਚਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇੱਕ ਦਿਲੋਂ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਸ਼ੰਕਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੂਰ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਭਰੋਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ​​ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਤਹੀ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਚੋ; ਹੁਣ ਗਹਿਰਾਈ ਮਹੱਤਵ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਬਰ ਨਾਲ ਸੁਣਨਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ​​ਬਣਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਠੋਸ ਅਤੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਨੀਂਹ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

    ਪੇਸ਼ਾ: ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਕਰੀਅਰ ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਚਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਕ ਹੁਨਰਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਲਾਭ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਲੋਕ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਗੰਭੀਰਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਗਹਿਰਾਈ ਨਾਲ ਸਮਝਾਉਂਦੇ ਹੋ। ਇਹ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਜਾਂ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਮੀਟਿੰਗਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਧੀਆ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੈ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦਾ ਆਮ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਛੋਟੀਆਂ-ਛੋਟੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਜ਼ਰਅੰਦਾਜ਼ ਨਾ ਕਰੋ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਉਹ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨੁਕਤਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ​​ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਟੀਮ ਦੀਆਂ ਚਰਚਾਵਾਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਦੇਣ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਤੋਂ ਲਾਭ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਅਤੇ ਲੰਬੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਯੋਜਨਾਵਾਂ ਗਤੀ ਫੜਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਸਥਿਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਰਹਿਣਾ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਸਥਾਈ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਛੱਡਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

    ਸਿਹਤ: ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ​​ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸਥਿਰ ਆਦਤਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਬਣੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹੋ। ਖੁਰਾਕ ਜਾਂ ਕਸਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਚਾਨਕ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਚੋ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਨਿਰੰਤਰਤਾ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਨਤੀਜੇ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਹਲਕੀ ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਸਟ੍ਰੈਚਿੰਗ, ਸੈਰ, ਜਾਂ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਹ ਲੈਣਾ ਤਣਾਅ ਨੂੰ ਦੂਰ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ। ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਸਿਹਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਮਾਂ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹੋ। ਆਪਣੇ ਸਮਾਂ-ਸੂਚੀ ‘ਤੇ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਬੋਝ ਨਾ ਪਾਓ — ਆਰਾਮ ਵੀ ਓਨਾ ਹੀ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ ਜਿੰਨਾ ਕਿ ਗਤੀ। ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਭੋਜਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੰਤੁਲਨ ਬਣਾਈ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਚੌਕਸ ਰਹਿਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਛੋਟੇ, ਸਥਿਰ ਯਤਨ ਅੱਜ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਤੰਦਰੁਸਤ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹਨ।

    ਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ: ਅੱਜ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋ। ਇਮਾਨਦਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਸੋਚਣਾ ਚਿੰਤਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਕਿਸੇ ਭਰੋਸੇਮੰਦ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਰਾਹਤ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਗਹਿਰਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਇਮਾਨਦਾਰੀ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਲਿਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਭਾਵਨਾਤਮਕ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਸਥਿਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਕਰਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

    ਯਾਤਰਾ: ਯਾਤਰਾ ਹੁਣ ਸਾਰਥਕ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਖਾਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਜੇ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਕ ਮਾਮਲਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜੀ ਹੋਵੇ। ਯੋਜਨਾਵਾਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਵਿਵਸਥਿਤ ਹੋਣ ‘ਤੇ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਸੁਚਾਰੂ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਚੱਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਤਿਆਰ ਰੱਖੋ ਅਤੇ ਆਰਾਮ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਵਾਧੂ ਸਮਾਂ ਦਿਓ। ਛੋਟੀਆਂ, ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਯਾਤਰਾਵਾਂ ਅੱਜ ਲੰਬੀਆਂ ਯਾਤਰਾਵਾਂ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਫਲਦਾਇਕ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

    ਕਿਸਮਤ: ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਕਿਸਮਤ ਸਾਰਥਕ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਵਧਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਹੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਇੱਕ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਦਰਵਾਜ਼ਾ ਖੋਲ੍ਹ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸੂਖਮ ਵੇਰਵਿਆਂ ਵੱਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿਓ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਉਹ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਫੈਸਲਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਨੀ ਰਹਿਣਾ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੇ ਮੌਕਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਕਰਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

  • Delhi, India’s capital territory

    Delhi, India’s capital territory

    Delhi, India’s capital territory, is a massive metropolitan area in the country’s north. In Old Delhi, a neighborhood dating to the 1600s, stands the imposing Mughal-era Red Fort, a symbol of India, and the sprawling Jama Masjid mosque, whose courtyard accommodates 25,000 people. Nearby is Chandni Chowk, a vibrant bazaar filled with food carts, sweets shops and spice stalls.

    Delhi,[b] officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its right bank, Delhi shares borders with the state of Uttar Pradesh in the east and with the state of Haryana in the remaining directions. Delhi became a union territory on 1 November 1956 and the NCT in 1995.[21] The NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi).[4] According to the 2011 census, Delhi’s city proper population was over 11 million,[7][22] while the NCT’s population was about 16.8 million.[9]

    The topography of the medieval fort Purana Qila on the banks of the river Yamuna matches the literary description of the citadel Indraprastha in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata; however, excavations in the area have revealed no signs of an ancient built environment.[23] From the early 13th century until the mid-19th century, Delhi was the capital of two major empires, the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire, which covered large parts of South Asia. All three UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the city, the Qutub Minar, Humayun’s Tomb, and the Red Fort, belong to this period. Delhi was the early centre of Sufism and Qawwali music. The names of Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusrau are prominently associated with it. The Khariboli dialect of Delhi was part of a linguistic development that gave rise to the literature of Urdu and later Modern Standard Hindi. Major Urdu poets from Delhi include Mir Taqi Mir and Mirza Ghalib. Delhi was a notable centre of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. In 1911, New Delhi, a southern region within Delhi, became the capital of the British Indian Empire. During the Partition of India in 1947, Delhi was transformed from a Mughal city to a Punjabi one,[24][25] losing two-thirds of its Muslim residents, in part due to the pressure brought to bear by arriving Hindu and Sikh refugees from western Punjab.[26] After independence in 1947, New Delhi continued as the capital of the Dominion of India, and after 1950 of the Republic of India.

    Delhi’s urban agglomeration, which includes the satellite cities Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida and YEIDA city located in an area known as the National Capital Region (NCR), has an estimated population of over 28 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in India and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo).[10] Delhi ranks fifth among the Indian states and union territories in human development index,[27] and has the second-highest GDP per capita in India (after Goa).[12] Although a union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a state of India, with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a chief minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by the federal government of India and the local government of Delhi, and serves as the capital of the nation as well as the NCT of Delhi. Delhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region, which is an “interstate regional planning” area created in 1985.[28][29] Delhi hosted the inaugural 1951 Asian Games, the 1982 Asian Games, the 1983 Non-Aligned Movement summit, the 2010 Men’s Hockey World Cup, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the 2012 BRICS summit, the 2023 G20 summit, and was one of the major host cities of the 2011 and 2023 Cricket World Cups.

    Toponym

    There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name Delhi. One of them is derived from Dhillu or Dilu, a king who built a city at this location in 50 BCE and named it after himself.[30][31][32] Another legend holds that the name of the city is based on the Prakrit word dhili (loose) and that it was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city because the iron pillar of Delhi had a weak foundation and had to be moved.[32] According to Panjab Notes and Queries, the name of the city at the time of King Prithviraj was dilpat, and that dilpat and dilli are probably derived from the old Hindi word dil meaning “eminence”. The former director of the Archaeological Survey of India, Alexander Cunningham, mentioned that dilli later became dihli/dehli.[33] Some suggest the coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal.[34] According to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort dehali.[35] Some historians believe that Dhilli or Dhillika is the original name for the city while others believe the name could be a corruption of the Hindustani words dehleez or dehali—both terms meaning “threshold” or “gateway”—and symbolic of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain

  • How much does a Russian woman rent in Gurgaon?

    How much does a Russian woman rent in Gurgaon?

    A Russian woman named Viktoriia Kovan revealed her Gurgaon monthly expenses, which include a rent of

    ₹1.2₹ 1.2

    1.2

    lakh for a

    11

    1

    BHK apartment. This figure sparked a viral debate, as it is significantly higher than the average rent, which typically ranges from

    ₹8,000₹ 8 comma 000

    8,000

    to

    ₹25,000₹ 25 comma 000

    25,000

    . She clarified that her expenses are based on her personal lifestyle choices for a “good lifestyle” and not the general cost of living in India. 

    Viktoriia Kovan’s breakdown of monthly expenses in Gurgaon:
    • Rent:

      ₹1.2₹ 1.2

      1.2

      lakh for a

      11

      1

      BHK apartment

    • Groceries:

      ₹40,000₹ 40 comma 000

      40,000

    • Shopping:

      ₹30,000₹ 30 comma 000

      30,000

    • Electricity:

      ₹15,000₹ 15 comma 000

      15,000

    • Medicines:

      ₹20,000₹ 20 comma 000

      20,000

    • Uber Black: Around

      ₹1,000₹ 1 comma 000

      1,000

      per ride 

    Context and clarification:
    • The high rent is for a specific type of lifestyle and apartment, and is not reflective of the average rent in Gurgaon. 
    • Viktoriia Kovan has stated that these figures represent her own lifestyle and are not meant as a complaint about the cost of living. 
    • Other Russian expatriates living in India have also shared their expenses, noting that cities like Gurgaon and Mumbai can have living costs comparable to or even higher than some European cities. 
    • Gurgaon (Hindi: [ɡʊɽɡãːw]), officially named Gurugram ([ɡʊɾʊɡɾaːm]), is a satellite city of Delhi and administrative headquarters of Gurgaon district, located in the northern Indian state of Haryana.[8] It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the national capital New Delhi and 268 km (167 mi) south of Chandigarh, the state capital.[9] It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India.[10] As of 2011, Gurgaon had a population of 876,969.[4][6]

      Gurgaon’s economic growth started in the 1970s when Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after General Electric established its business outsourcing operations known as Genpact in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm DLF.[11][12] New Gurgaon, Manesar and Sohna serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle issues like high air pollution.[13][14] It also has a flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity and geographic location as with other South Asian as well as South East Asian cities.[15] Gurgaon is infamous for prostitution, erotic spas, sex tourism and high-end escorts in areas like MG Road and Sector 29.[16][17][18][19][20]

      Gurgaon is India’s second largest information technology (IT) hub, largest civil aviation hub, largest hospitality hub and second largest management consulting hub.[21][22] Gurgaon is famous in India for nightlife as it houses multiple high number of high-quality pubs, nightclubs, bars, liquor shops hence called The Cocktail Capital of India.[23][24] Gurgaon is also home to one of India’s largest medical tourism and luxury tourism industries.[25] Despite being India’s 56th largest city in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth.[26] It serves as the headquarters of many of India’s largest companies, is home to thousands of startup companies and has local offices for more than 250 Fortune 500 companies.[27] It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for high-tech industry in northern India.[28] Gurgaon is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index, with an HDI of 0.889 (2017).[29]

      History

      See also: History of Haryana, Badshahpur, and Jharsa

      The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the Kuru kingdom.[30] Early people to inhabit the region were Hindus Ahirs.[31] In late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the Maurya Empire as part of Chandragupta Maurya’s earliest expansions of his kingdom.[32]

      Gurgaon may be same as the Gudapura town mentioned in the 12th century text Prithviraja Vijaya. According to the text, Nagarjuna, a cousin of the Chahamana king Prithviraj Chauhan, rebelled against the king and captured the town. Prithviraj crushed the rebellion and recaptured the town.[33][34]

  • test post Is 70,000 a good salary in Gurgaon?

    test post Is 70,000 a good salary in Gurgaon?

    Is INR 70,000 Enough? Estimated monthly expenses for a single professional range from INR 47,000 to INR 111,500, depending on lifestyle choices. With INR 70,000 per month, you can live comfortably if you: Choose affordable housing.28 Jan 2025
    Is INR 70,000 Enough? Estimated monthly expenses for a single professional range from INR 47,000 to INR 111,500, depending on lifestyle choices. With INR 70,000 per month, you can live comfortably if you: Choose affordable housing.28 Jan 2025

    During the Mughal and initially during the British colonial era, Gurgaon was just a small village in Jharsa paragana of Delhi subah. Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882–83 (published in 1885) by Alexander Cunningham, the then Director-General of Archaeological Survey of India, he mentions a stone pillar at Gurgaon of a local feudal lord “Durgga Naga” with a 3-line inscription “Samvat 729 or 928, Vaisakh badi 4, Durgga Naga lokatari bhuta” dating back to 672 CE or 871 CE. Jharsa paragana passed to Begum Samru in 1776–77 and came under direct British rule in 1836 after her death when her territory was taken over by the British who established a civil lines at Jharsa and a cavalry cantonment at nearby Hiyadatpur. An 1882 land revenue settlement report records that the idol of Sitla Mata was brought to Gurgaon 400 years earlier (15th century). Begum Samru claimed the offering to Sitla Mata temple during the Chaitra month and the revenue from the offerings given to the deity for rest of the month was distributed among the local Jat families of the area.[35]

    The Aliwardi mosque in Gurgaon dates back to the 18th century.

    In 1818, Bharawas district was disbanded and Gurgaon was made a new district. In 1821, the Bharaswas cantonment was also moved to Hidayatpur in Gurgaon.[36] “Aliwardi mosque” in Gurgaon, “Badshahpur baoli” (1905).[37][38] and “Bhondsi” (16th to 17th century) were built during mughal and British era.[39] The “Church of the Epiphany” and “Kaman Serai” (Corrupted form of the “Command Serai” or Officer’s Mess”) was built by the Britishers in 1925 inside the civil lines.[39]

    Other British colonial era historic buildings The Gurgaon Club, a 3-room building surrounded by the lawn and currently run by the Zila Parishad, the erstwhile Coronation School—now renamed to the Government Boys’ Senior Secondary School, one of the 13 school established in India in 1911 to commemorate the coronation of King George V.[40] During 1980s, the airstrip and hangar, air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built on outskirts of the city by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s yoga mentor Dhirendra Brahmachari.[41] The former Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar established his own ashram near this airstrip in 1983 on 600 acre of panchayat land, where another godman Chandraswami and notorious Saudi arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi used to visit him.[42][43]

    On 12 April 2016, Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar announced a proposal to officially rename the city Gurugram (Sanskrit: गुरुग्राम, lit. village of the Guru), subject to the approval of the Haryana cabinet and the Union Government. He argued that the new name would help to preserve the “rich heritage” of the city by emphasising its history and mythological association with Drona.[44][45][46] On 27 September 2016, he officially announced that the Union Government had approved the name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram,[47] though the old name “Gurgaon” still lingers in the colloquial usage.[48]

    Geography

    Gurgaon skyline at dusk

    Gurgaon is located in Gurgaon district in the Indian state of Haryana and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and northern part of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has a total area of 333 square kilometres (129 sq mi).[49]

    Topography

    The average land elevation is 237 metres (778 ft) above sea level

  • What is the meaning of mediology?

    Mediology is the interdisciplinary study of cultural transmission through media and other mediation processes. It analyzes how ideas are transmitted, transformed, and reproduced across generations by examining the intersection of social, political, and technological forces, and extends beyond mass media to include all forms of representation. 

    Key aspects of mediology
    • Broad scope of “media”: 
      It views “media” in a wide sense, encompassing everything from biological and chemical forms of representation to written words, symbols, and money, not just electronic mass media. 

    • Focus on transmission: 
      It is fundamentally concerned with the logics and material conditions of how culture is transmitted and perpetuated through society. 

    • Intersection of technology and culture: 
      Mediology studies the dynamic relationship between technological innovations and cultural practices, and how each influences the other. For example, it looks at how new technologies change mentalities and how cultural traditions shape the adoption of new technologies. 

    • Material and social conditions: 
      It emphasizes the material and social structures that enable the creation and distribution of meaning, such as the role of institutions and physical transport (like railways and telegraphs). 

    • Political and historical dimension: 
      Originating in the Marxist tradition, mediology can be understood as a political sociology that analyzes how ideas become a material force that can change the world. It also has a historical dimension, looking at how transmission methods have evolved over time. 

  • post 2 What exactly does mediology study?

    The practice of mediology is not a science, and thus is able to range across academic disciplines. The main areas involved are those of longitudinal history (the history of technologies, the history of the book, the histories and theories of aesthetics) and also research in communications and information theory.

    The term was first coined and introduced in French as “médiologie” by the French intellectual Régis Debray in the “Teachers, Writers, Celebrities” section of his book Le pouvoir intellectuel en France, (Editions Ramsay, 1979). The English form of the term became more widely known and respected in the English-speaking world with the publication of the key text on mediology in English, Debray’s Transmitting Culture (University of Columbia Press, 2004). Mediology was taught for the first time in the Sorbonne (Paris) in 2007.

    The practice of mediology is not a science, and thus is able to range across academic disciplines. The main areas involved are those of longitudinal history (the history of technologies, the history of the book, the histories and theories of aesthetics) and also research in communications and information theory.

    Mediology is not a narrow specialist area of contemporary academic knowledge (as media sociology is), nor does it aspire to be a precise science of signs (as semiotics does). It differs from the models put forward by communication studies, in that its focus is not isolated individuals and a fleeting few moments of communication. Instead mediologists study the cultural transmission of religions, ideologies, the arts and political ideas in society, and across societies, over a time period that is usually to be measured in months, decades or millennia. Debray argues that mediology “would like to bring to light the function of medium in all its forms, over a long time span – since the birth of writing. And without becoming obsessed by today’s media.”[1]

    Mediology must thus closely examine the methods used for the memorising, transmission, and displacement of cultural knowledge in any milieu. But it must balance its understanding of these with an equally close study of our individual modes of belief, thoughts, and competing social organisations. Mediology must further understand that such transmission is not simply happening within a lofty linguistic or textual discourse, but that transmission takes an equally valid concrete form in which “material technologies and symbolic forms”[2] combine to produce things such as rituals, architecture, flags, special sites, customs, typefaces and book bindings, smells and sounds, bodily gestures and postures, all of which have a potent anchoring role in cultural transmission among ordinary people.

    Debray further points to the need to consider the role in transmission of all manner of non-media technical-cultural inventions, especially those of new forms of transportation. He gives the historical example of the bicycle, which he suggests was historically associated with: the rise of a democratic rational individualism; a new role for women in advanced societies; and the new kinetic ideas expressed in early modernist art and cinema.

  • Who is the owner of Mediology software?

    Manish Dhingra is a Technologist, Serial Entrepreneur, and Angel Investor. He is the CEO & Co-Founder of Mediology Software and has co-founded multiple technology companies.
    As mediology focuses on the overlappings of mental, cognitive, intellectual, material, structural, social and actional use of media (Debrais 2003), it supposes the usage to be the relevant frame of social culture of a meaningful construction in the way of being related to societal construction of a socially mindful …

     

     

    A mediologist might thus make an examination “within a system” (e.g. of systems of book production, of authors and publishers), or of “the interaction between systems” (e.g. how painting and early photography influenced each other), or even of “the interactions across systems” (e.g. the ways in which symbolic transmission of systematic knowledge is brought to intersect with the material history of actual transportation – such as desert trading routes and ancient religion, telegraph and railroad, the radio and airplanes, television and satellites, mobile phones and cars).

    Debray is generally critical of some of the ideas of Marshall McLuhan (whom he sees as being overly technologically determinist), and of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. He also tries to step beyond Antonio Gramsci, in that he suggests that an ideology cannot be comprehended in ideological terms alone.

    Criticisms

    Criticisms of mediology in English so far have been found in two short book reviews and one article. The first, by the screenwriter Yvette Bíró (Wide Angle magazine, Vol.18, No.1, January 1996), was a four-page book review of Debray’s Vie et Mort de l’Image, in which she claimed to have discerned “traces of a strong, vulgar Marxist school of thought”.

    The second review, by Pramod Nayor of the University of Hyderabad (Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, Vol.8, No.1, Winter 2006) was a review of the English translation of Transmitting Culture (2004). In concluding the review Nayor notes the similarities of some aspects and directions of mediology to Birmingham School cultural studies ranging from “Raymond Williams through Stuart Hall”. Nayor also notes that recent philosophers and historians of science – he cites Bruno Latour, Eugene Thacker and Dwight Atkinson – have also examined science in relation to “intersecting cultural, ethnic, economic and iconographic ‘bases’ of the transmission of culture”

    An article by Steven Maris in Fibreculture No.12 [1] similarly suggests that Debray is too firmly embedded in “the French academic scene” and that thus “Debray’s explicit engagement with other national scholarly traditions of media, communications and cultural studies in the works mentioned above is minimal”. Maris also notes that mediology “predates much of the [current academic] interest in networked cultures and new media”.

    Physicists Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont have criticized Debray’s work for using Gödel’s theorem as a metaphor without understanding its basic ideas, in their book Fashionable Nonsense. Debray engaged in dialogue with Bricmont in a 2003 book titled “À l’ombre des lumières : Débat entre un philosophe et un scientifique”, which so far has not been translated into English.[3]

    Despite such criticisms, the six-volume New Dictionary of the History of Ideas (2004) wrote of Debray that “His achievement is to have synthesized these earlier arguments into a practice with a powerful political project ahead of it.” (Vol.4, page 1394).

  • How is mediology used in media production?2

    – Mediology works to move beyond the analysis of the content of media objects to an integrated study of the material conditions of the production of media objects, as well as the evolution and change between mediological forms of distribution, circulation, consumption.

    – Mediology view media as productive of the conditions of possibility whereby meanings and their effects emerge. Media therefore exist in the interstices between many of the traditional binaries which have structured Western thought, such as the divisions between subject/object, matter/mind, form/content, living/non-living, mind/body, outside/inside, self/other, sense/non-sense. Mediology reframes many of these debates via emerging perspectives centered around notions such as media ecologies, assemblage theories, network theories and networkologies, theories of complex adaptive systems, etc.

    – Mediology views media and the collective intersection of various media effects as productive of what has been generally called ’subjectivity’ or ‘individuality.’ Mediology views subjectivity as existing at the intersection of various networks of media, each with their particular historical, material, and cultural conditions of emergence. Thus, there are a wide variety of types of intertwinings of alphabetic subjects, televisual subjects, internet subjects, gestural subjects – but no univeral subjects outside of time, place, and media.

    – Mediology views bodies and their objects as media whereby organisms interact with the world. The body and its sense organs are the primary media whereby organisms interact with their environments, while the various tools and prostheses which have co-evolved with humans – including tools, weapons, household objects, words, vehicles, and a variety of other objects – are media which create media effects intertwined with those of bodies.

    – Mediology views the entire world as an intertwined ensemble of media and media-effects. Thus it is a discipline and domain of knowledge, for just as anthropolgy and performance studies when they were new proposed new lenses through which the world could be viewed, so mediology views the world through the lens of media and mediation. This perpective is seen as no more ‘true’ than an economic or biologically centered worldview, but rather, as providing unique insights into the potentials and pitfalls of the increasing pace of transformation of forms of mediation at play in our current age. Thus it is possible to think of chemical and physical media as much as economic of musical media. Mediological analaysis aims to engage the commonalities and particularities involved in mediation as such.

    unlike traditional Communications Studies, Mediology does not reduce itself to studying to the content of messages transmitted by senders to receivers. On the contrary, Mediology aims to examine the content of utterances within the context of the specific media which determine the conditions of their production, as well as the diversity of forms thereof, as well as study the manner in which the the clear-cut distinction between ‘message,’ ’sender,’ and ‘reciever’ are themselves historically and socially contingent mediological formations.

    – unlike traditional Media Studies, Mediology does not reduce itself to studying the ‘mass media’ of the 20th century, such as radio, film, television, and now, the internet. Rather, Mediology sees these newer forms as extensions of previous cultural media – such as the image, alphabet, tools, easel painting, mathematical symbols, written letters and postal service, musical writing and instruments, newspapers, scientific instruments – as well as forms of mediation at work in extra-human interfaces, as exemplified by media such as DNA, computer codes, physical information, animal and plant communication, etc.

    – unlike Information Studies, Mediology does not reduce all media effects to constrained view of what does or does not constitute ‘information.’ Rather, Mediology aims to show how media constitute their own criteria of legibility, value, and adjudication.

    – unlike traditional Cognitive Sciences, Mediology does not believe thought to be fundamentally binary, or that it might be possible to investigate minds and thinking separately from the medium of the body. Rather, Mediology sees the body of living organisms as the primary media through which they encounter the world.

    – unlike traditional Semiotics, Mediology does not have a restrictive definition of what constitutes a sign, or of the need for a sharp division between signifier and signified, nor does it privilege the linguistic or written over the visual or aural. Mediology views all forms of interchange between entities as media effects, beyond the strictures of traditional semiotic approaches.

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